Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), commonly known as caustic soda or caustic soda, is a strong base and an important chemical in many industries. It is a white, solid, and hygroscopic substance; when dissolved in water, it produces an exothermic (heat-releasing) reaction.
⚙️ Main Uses of Sodium Hydroxide:
???? 1. Cleaning and Detergent Industry
Soap production: Soap is obtained by reacting with oils (saponification reaction).
Detergent production: Used as an active base in industrial cleaning products.
Clog openers: The main ingredient in sink and drain openers; it breaks down organic matter (oil, hair, etc.).
???? 2. Chemical and Petrochemical Industry
pH adjuster: Used to neutralize acidic solutions.
Chemical synthesis: Used as an intermediate in the production of many chemicals (e.g., sodium hypochlorite, sodium phosphate).
Biodiesel production: It acts as a catalyst in the transesterification of vegetable oils with methanol.
???? 3. Paper and Pulp Industry
It is used in the dissolution of lignin to obtain cellulose from wood pulp.
It plays an important role in paper bleaching processes and pH control.
???? 4. Water Treatment and Purification Plants
It is used in the neutralization of acidic wastewater.
It provides pH regulation by neutralizing carbonic acid formed by the mixing of carbon dioxide into water.
???? 5. Food Industry (Limited and controlled use)
E-number: E524
Olive processing: It is used to remove bitterness in the production of black olives.
Alkalinization: It causes the surface of food (e.g., German pretzels) to brown.
???? 6. Textile Industry
Processing of cotton fabrics: Mercerization is used to increase the brightness of fabrics and ensure better dye retention.
Dye fixing: Increases the adhesion of dyes to fabric.
???? 7. Laboratory Use
As a strong base, it is used in various analyses and titrations.
It serves as a standard solution in acid-base reactions.
⚠️ Cautions
Corrosive: May cause severe burns if contacted with skin or eyes.
Irritates the respiratory tract if vapors are inhaled.
Gloves, goggles, and appropriate protective clothing are recommended during use.
Tags: Sodium Hydroxide, Caustic Soda